UEFIBooting - Community Help Wiki. Booting Linux natively on a UEFI system (without BIOS CSM) using GRUB2. Introduction. IMPORTANT: This page is a bit outdated. A newer and simpler documentation about UEFI is available here: UEFI. UEFI is the firmware that will eventually replace BIOS in commercial PCs. PCs certified for Windows 8 will require UEFI booting by default. Some of the notable UEFI firmwares are Phoenix Secure. Core Tiano, AMI Aptio, and Insyde H2. O. Caution if you want to dual boot. Due to bug 7. 69. This has resulted in the Windows bootloader being deleted for some users of Ubuntu 1. This issue has been resolved in Ubuntu 1. Non- Mac UEFI systems. Linux officially supports both the UEFI and BIOS firmware. However Windows supports UEFI only with Vista for x. ![]() Apple Mac EFI systems. Apple officially supports only EFI booting for Mac OS X, although technically it is possible to boot Mac OS X using BIOS firmware.
![]() Booting Linux using (U)EFI on Intel Macs has the following advantages : For dual- graphic card models, the power- saving card can be used (Nvidia 9. M, Intel GMA HD (aka 5. MHD), Intel GMA HD 3. Intel GMA HD 4. 00. Faster bootloading, because the legacy BIOS does not need to be loaded, and it does not need to search for BIOS bootable disks. SATA disks are accessed in AHCI mode instead of legacy IDE mode, allowing advanced features (native command queuing, aggressive link power management, and more) On Xserve models, there is no legacy BIOS layer, a. Use of hard disks larger than 2 Ti. Is GRUB the best bootloading solution? Windows 8.1 not showing up in GRUB bootloader after installing Linux Mint 17.1. Grub2Win boots native, open source GNU grub version 2.02 code. Everything is contained in a single 14 MB directory on your Windows C: drive. B (2. 2 TB) with GPT partitioning instead of MBR partitions. However it also has the following drawbacks : EFI booting is still experimental and not yet supported as a mainstream boot method on Macs, since Apple uses a nonstandard mix of EFI 1. UEFI 2. x functionalities (x. Models with Thunderbolt connectors only support external monitors with the discrete graphic card, not with the Intel integrated graphic card (the same limitation is also applicable on Mac. OS X). Some hardware features might not work reliably : screen brightness control, suspend/resume, etc. I primarily come from an x86 system background where BIOS (Firmware) is responsible for loading a bootloader (like GRUB) from PowerON which in turn loads the OS.Virtual terminals (Ctrl- Alt- function key) might not work with some graphic drivers (they stay black). OS kernel architecture (3. EFI architecture (unless . But the installer formats the EFI System Partition to FAT1. Intel Macs may fail to boot due to corrupted firmware. This feature is not recommended on Mac models because it can corrupt the firmware. The bug was fixed in Ubuntu 1. On Macs use only the Mac alternate ISO CDSetting up GRUB2 (U)EFIDetect (U)EFI firmware processor architecture. If you have a non- Mac UEFI system, then you have a x. Some of the known x. Some of the known systems using these firmwares are Asus EZ Mode BIOS (in Sandy Bridge P6. H6. 7 motherboards), MSI Click. BIOS, HP Elite. Books, Sony Vaio Z series, Lenovo Think. Pads (> =2. 01. Intel Server and Desktop motherboards Some machines (all Dell laptops, all new Apple from 2. Lenovo) have bugs in their UEFI firmware, preventing them from booting (black screen). Linux Kernel 3. 0 (and higher versions) includes patches with workarounds for them. Pre- 2. 00. 8 Macs usually have i. Macs have mostly x. All Macs capable of running Mac OS X Snow Leopard 6. Kernel have x. 86. Type the following command in a Mac. OS terminal : ioreg - l - p IODevice. Tree . Building GRUB2 (U)EFIDownload the latest grub. ZIP file (1. 9. 9 as of May 2. GOP and contains the . It is strongly recommended to use a Linux distribution to compile grub. UEFI firmware match. Building grub. 2 requires the following programs to be installed (build dependencies): bison. NLS support). freetype. Under Ubuntu 1. 2. For bzr development version checkout bzr branch - -revision - 1 bzr branch http: //bzr. For 3. 2- bit EFI: export EFI. Try the other EFI architecture. Install GRUB2 in (U)EFI systems. Boot into Linux (any live ISO) preferably in UEFI mode. Determine your EFI SYSTEM PARTITION or create it (> =1. Mi. B FAT3. 2 partition - GPT fdisk type code EF0. GNU Parted 'boot' flag in GPT). Then mount the partition at /mnt/EFISYS (or at any mountpoint you wish). The following code assumes /dev/sda. EFISYS partition. Now create a grub. EFISYS/efi/grub : sudo touch /mnt/EFISYS/efi/grub/grub. Make the firmware launch GRUB2 (U)EFI as default. Non- Mac x. 86. This requires the kernel to be booted in UEFI mode and that the kernel processor architecture should match the firmware architecture (and 'noefi' is NOT used) for 'efivars' kernel module to be loaded and efibootmgr to access the boot manager variables. Initially the user is required to manually launch /boot/efi/efi/grub/grub. BIOS mode. Then efibootmgr should be run to create the boot entry. Note the capital EFI, FAT3. UTF- 8 encoding by default. In that case the firmware uses capital 'EFI' instead of small . Also the path names in UEFI firmware are similar to Microsoft Windows path names and also uses backslashes (they are doubled because the shell interprets . Apple Mac EFI systems (both EFI architecture)For Macs you can choose any one of the 3 boot methods : r. EFIt/r. EFInd, Apple, and grub- only. Via r. EFIt/r. EFInd. The most flexible way to boot grub EFI is to load it from r. EFIt (version 0. 1. EFInd (version 0. It's quite easy, just copy grub. FAT or HFS+ partition, r. EFIt/r. EFInd will find it automatically and list it in the boot menu, along with the Mac. OS partition and all BIOS bootable partitions (also those on CD and USB drives). If you install the ext. Reiser. FS drivers provided with r. EFIt/r. EFInd, you can place your boot loader in the root or /efi/grub directory of any ext. Reiser. FS volume, as well. As of r. EFInd version 0. Using Apple bootloader itself (safest option)You need to use the following naming convention for grub. EFIBootloader path and filename. EFI/BOOT/BOOTIA3. EFI6. 4- bit/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX6. EFIWhen you press the Alt key during boot, your Intel Mac should show the disk as . In order to make the partition appear in the Apple boot picker menu, and be selectable as a startup disk, the boot partition should be in HFS+ format and have the following files : /mach. First, place grub. HFS+ partition. Detect where your grub. For example, in folder /Volumes/something, then uses bless it (type command in Mac. OS X terminal): sudo bless - -folder=/Volumes/something - -file=/Volumes/something/efi/grub/grub. Boot. Alternatively, the command . Selecting the (U)EFI Graphic Protocol. If you are getting this error on the screen upon booting a menu entry error: no suitable mode found. Otherwise detect which graphics protocol is supported by the firmware to enable only that module Non- Mac UEFI systems. Non Mac systems use only Graphics Output Protocol. Apple Mac EFI systems. For Macs detect the most reliable way to determine whether your hardware model has UGA (Universal Graphics Adapter) or GOP (Graphics Output Protocol) is to select . As a rule of thumb, models released after 2. Mac. Book. 5 and higher) should have GOP. Beware that on some Mac models (eg Mac. Book. Pro. 8,x), suspend/resume only works when none of efi. Selecting the graphic card. If your model has 2 graphics card and you wish to completely power down the discrete graphic card in order to save more power, you must add outb 0x. Switch select. outb 0x. Switch display. outb 0x. Switch DDC. outb 0x. Power down discrete graphics. This uses the IO ports of the . Note: After every suspend/resume, the discrete graphic card is powered up again, so you need to disable it through a command line program, which can be executed automatically on each resume by PM- Utils. If is also possible to dynamically switch from the integrated to the discrete graphics, see the the patch . The second command is just an enable switch. For example, if Windows bootmgfw. Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw. FAT fs): # grub- probe - -target=fs. Apple's boot. efi is a Universal EFI binary, which is compatible with both i. If your Mac OS X is installed on a partition with File. Vault full- disk encryption, you will not be able to chain load Mac OS X from GRUB. Chainloading BIOS operating systems. You can use appleloader to boot from legacy disk/cdrom/usb: menuentry . Loading Linux. First of all, you need kernel version > =2. You can use the following section in grub. BIOS dump is necessary for certain x. DDC table. Some driver even calls INT 1. VESA BIOS, so the IVT for INT1. To get the BIOS dump, you need to boot into BIOS mode, then use these commands to generate dump files: dd if=/dev/mem of=/boot/vbios. It would create /boot/vbios. In some cases, BIOS dump is not needed (for instance with NVidia proprietary drivers), or BIOS mode is not supported by the hardware (such as Xserve models). Then you need to use fakebios, so that grub would try to mimic a BIOS environment. For Intel cards, you may experience screen distortion in the console mode. To solve this problem, use fix. Enabling framebuffer console. Check whether the framebuffer console (. If it is included as a kernel module (. Then you need to use frame buffer instead. In xorg. conf, use fbdev in Device section, it may look like this: Section . For Mac. Book. Pro. Section . Here are the PCI addresses of the dual- graphics models : Model. Integrated. Discrete. Mac. Book. Pro. 5,x. PCI: 3: 0: 0. PCI: 2: 0: 0. Mac. Book. Pro. 6,x. PCI: 0: 2: 0. PCI: 1: 0: 0. Mac. Book. Pro. 8,x. PCI: 0: 2: 0. PCI: 1: 0: 0. On Mac. Book. Pro. Intel integrated graphics. This is because the Intel drivers do not recognize the double LVDS link to the screen when no BIOS initializes it. Problem is described in this discussion. Please recompile your kernel with the . Linux boot options. In some cases, you need to add these options to linux command line. Since 2. 6. 2. 7, it would only map available RAM, and the EFI runtime needs to be mapped with efi. To workaround this, you need to pass the . However, some models do not need this workaround (eg Mac. Book. Pro. 5,3). Alternatively, you can try the following kernel option, explained in EFI implementation bugs : noexec=off. Alternatively, you can try the 3. EFI- related fixes. Boot. Options - Community Help Wiki. Introduction. This page discusses the options available to alter the boot of an installed Ubuntu or an Ubuntu CD. It briefly details the main start options and then focuses on various options to alter the boot process. Changing the boot command may be necessary to fix problems with system freezes or video displays when trying to install Ubuntu. It may also be helpful when an existing installation will not boot or otherwise needs adjustment. Some remedies, such as using the F1- F6 keys, are specific to the CD boot process. Other procedures, such as editing the boot menu lines, can be used on either the Live. CD or on an installed system. This screen will remain visible until a selection is made. The user may use the system, install applications and drivers, connect to the Internet, access other partitions, and use many of Ubuntu's features. Changes made during the session are not persistent. Any changes made will be lost when the user exits Ubuntu. Install Ubuntu. Clicking on the install button or double- clicking a language selection will start the installation process. For more information on the installing Ubuntu, refer to .. Ubuntu CD Advanced Welcome Page Options. As the CD boots, the user can gain access to the advanced page and its options by pressing any key when the small logo appears at the bottom of your screen: Here is the advanced welcome page: Here is a brief explanation of each main option: Try Ubuntu without installing. Ubuntu will attempt to identify and use system hardware and allow the user to connect to the Internet. Default software such as Open. Office and Firefox are available and the user can install additional software via Internet download. At the end of a Live. Cd session, unless a installation is completed, none of the changes you have made will be retained. Check disc for defects. Test memory. Initiates a Memtest. Boot from first hard disk. Changing the CD's Default Boot Options. To supplement the main boot options, the F1- F6 keys provide additional information and boot options for special circumstances. These options are accessed by pressing any key before the Welcome screen appears. Pressing the ESC key or selecting a language will display the main screen. Although they are not normally needed, these options provide additional assistance in getting the CD to boot for a variety of issues. Any changes made will affect the current boot only and must be made each time the CD is booted. F1. Help index presenting information regarding prerequisites for running Ubuntu, boot methods and special boot parameters. Special Information: F1 > F6 & F7 After pressing F1, pressing the F6 or F7 key provides additional information which might be useful for users having problems booting the CD. F1, then F6: Kernel parameters for booting IBM PS1, disabling USB ports, computers locking up during boot, and more. F1, then F7: Kernel parameters for Adaptec, Bus. Logic and certain Dell hardware. This displays the same screen as is presented initially. Keymap selections by country. Use this option when a specific driver must be loaded to allow installation or booting to the Live. CD Desktop. Once Ubuntu is installed or booted, the user can permanently install the required drivers. Accessibility Options. Various options to assist users with visual impairment, as well as an onscreen keyboard option and keyboard modifiers. To employ these features use the arrow keys to highlight the option and press ENTER. Repeat this for each additional option desired. To remove all options, highlight . Selected options will be loaded during boot. Look for Assistive Technologies and at- spi in Synaptic. ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) and EDD (Enhanced Disk Drive) options which may help if your computer does not support or has problems with these systems. Highlight the selection and press the ENTER key or SPACE key to select it. Multiple items can be selected from this popup menu. Hit ESC to leave the popup menu. The selections are retained at the time the user presses the ESC key. In addition to displaying preset boot options, pressing the F6 key also opens the . In addition to displaying a popup menu, the F6 key also activates in- line editing of the boot command. Pressing F6 brings up the popup menu. Pressing ESC, whether selections were made or not, removes the popup window but opens the boot command for editing. The command scrolls off to the left to leave the right end available for appending. The user may add additional inputs before or after the . Allow one space between each additional input. Often you would like to copy the boot option to the target system, so add the option at the very end of the line, after the . This link describes a new way to use a boot option. Sometimes it must be entered twice, before and after the delimiter . We find it in Ubuntu Server 1. Ubuntu mini. iso file with the version 1. Editing the boot command line. Press ESC to remove the popup screen. The boot command line is now available for editing and will remain so as long as no popup menu is visible. If entering multiple options leave a space between each entry. The command will be executed when ENTER is pressed and the boot sequence will begin. The F1- F6 keys will still respond and the user can make additional menu selections. The command line will be accessible for appending until ENTER is pressed. Pressing ENTER will start the boot sequence. Above is an example of adding the vga=7. Boot Options line. After Ubuntu is installed on a system the user should make the appropriate graphics mode entries in the Grub 2 configuration files. Changing boot options Temporarily for an Existing Installation. See the Grub. 2 page. Changing boot options Permanently for an Existing Installation. This can be done by : Common Kernel Options. This list is not comprehensive but it contains some common boot options which may be added to the end of the boot command. Option. Impact vga=xxx Set your framebuffer resolution to VESA mode xxx. Check here for a list of possible modes. This may prove very useful, for example, if your computer does not support ACPI or if you think the ACPI implementation might cause some problems (for instance random reboots or system lockups). This parameter overrides acpi=off and can also be used with current hardware if the ACPI support is not activated despite apm=off. Can be useful in case of hardware interrupt issues. Option two modifies the list of supported OS interface strings (changes the OS compatibility reported to the BIOS). Necessary on some broken BIOSes to make temperature/fan control work. See Also. Category.
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